Young Cities

Informality is NOT exclusively a term for slums and poor cities. Although we have discussed informality within the context of the Global South, I believe that we need to remember that informality occurs within cities in Western Europe and the US. Architects have even shed light on this condition in what we may call cities of the Global North. For example, Rem Koolhaas describes in “Delirious New York” behavioral attributes within one of the most regulated cities in the world. Informality is a condition of human behavior and multitude of personalities colliding within a cluster of space. I believe that if the term “Informality” is going to be used specifically towards cities of the Global South, its definition must be detailed more towards slums or a new and more appropriate term must take its place.

Informal, by definition, means, not according to the prescribed, official, or customary way or manner. I believe that as many authors have mentioned, slums exude informality. I also believe that formal cities also exude informality. Not necessarily to the same amount but it is not strictly a quality of slums. There is a clear distinction between what these authors are calling the informal city and the formal city but I don’t believe that it is simply as black and white as formal verse informal. There must be something else that causes this disparity of formality.

Looking back through the histories of formal cities, there was a time when informality had a stronger presence within that society. For example, looking at Italian cities like Florence, before a ruling merchant controlled the entirety of Florence; the city was broken up into hundreds of tower houses that demarcated neighborhoods of powerful families. This same condition is seen in the favelas of Rio De Janiero as described by Daniela Fabricius in “Resisting Representation”. She explains, “If favelas are islands and the city is the sea, then that sea is filled with currents, routes tides…and pirates” (5). Although Florence is considered a formal city today, it was far from formal when it was still a young settlement.

Even age might not be the most appropriate term to explain what occurs in cities of the global south; but, I believe that it is getting at something beyond simply the formal verses the informal. There are slums and favelas which are now receiving infrastructure which made them, by definition, slums for not having them. I am starting to believe that it is just a matter of time before cities of the global south step towards the global north.

Pulsing City

Manuel DeLanda recognizes in the book “Nonorganic Life” that the practice of studying and perceiving phenomena in science is changing culturally (1). We have new technologies and have clearer and flexible views on the possibilities of nature that previously were not possible to see or to comprehend. At one point, all of western civilization thought the world was flat and there was no convincing otherwise, yet now we are capable of traveling to outer space and view the planet as a sphere. With the improvement in technology and more open conception of the world around us, we are recognizing science at a more biological level, rather than a physical level. Even in a controlled and constructed environment, there are factors which are unseen at one moment in time which can shed light on how a city grows and pulses as an organism.

 

On YouTube, you can find time lapse videos of the city of Vancouver (2). Although this city is a contemporary city, there are many systems and networks interacting that are clearly visible through a sped up video. It is clear to see the oscillations of the sun, tides and fog as they cause the city to light up or be hidden at certain times of day. At the same time, there are networks through the street grid which act as patterns and connections similar to neurons in the brain. It acts as a pattern that pulses with the flow of traffic. At the same time, lights in the buildings are switching on and off due to different reactions constantly. As DeLanda explains, these reactions are not counterintuitive and can be caused by several factors that are likely not to be represented in a linear model (3). Vancouver is constantly beating with life.

As architects, it is imperative to understand buildings as in the “Emergence in Architecture”. The Emergence and Design Group acknowledges that,

“Emergence requires the recognition of buildings not as singular and fixed bodies, but as complex energy and material systems that have a life span, and exist as part of the environment of other buildings, and as an iteration of a long series that proceeds by evolutionary development towards an intelligent ecosystem.”(4)

Although buildings are controlled and constructed objects, the effects to itself from the surrounding networks and systems as well as the effects of itself to the surrounding networks and systems are deeply imbedded in a higher organization.

 

There is a hierarchy in the city that links individual structures and beings together in a larger overarching institution with many layers of information. As more individuals link to the institution, it becomes more complex at one level of understanding, yet more refined at the higher level of understanding (5). With the technology and perspective society uses today, the complexities of organisms are revealed as sophisticated and clear systems.

 

 

  1. Nonorganic Life
  2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_xMz2SnSWS4
  3. Nonorganic Life
  4. Emergence in Architecture
  5. Nonorganic Life